ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE AND THE CRIME OF FEMICIDE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Objective: The objective was to analyze violence against women and the proliferation of the crime of femicide during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of lawyers in the judicial district of Lima Norte, 2020. Method: In this sense, the basic type was used, under the qualitative paradigm. And it responds to the non-experimental design by case study. The research technique implemented was that of observation and interview structure, with the participation of expert lawyers in cases of violence and femicide according to the Peruvian Criminal Law Code. Results: It was found that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought serious consequences of various kinds for society. In particular, there has been an increase in violence and the crime of femicide against women. As a result, confinement has caused many women to live with their aggressor. As a result, there have been more reports of physical and psychological violence and in some cases even the death of the woman, thus constituting the crime of femicide. Conclusion: Therefore, during the pandemic, femicide and violence against women has increased. And although there are special laws that regulate this type of crime and the penalties are severe for the femicide, it cannot be eradicated or controlled. The problem has to do with the social dimension such as machismo, jealousy of partners, mental illness, inadequate education of citizens, alcohol consumption, etc. And because most women in the country have overload of responsibility with the children, do not have job opportunities and are not educated to support themselves. © 2022, Centro Universitario Curitiba - UNICURITIBA. All rights reserved.

A pandemia do coronavírus como catalizador para o aumento da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher no Brasil

The objective of this paper is to analyze whether there was an increase or decrease in violence against women during the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic, known worldwide as Covid-19. The objective is to analyze the statistical data made available by the Federal Government of Brazil to verify the situation of violence against women in the country. Thus, through qualitative research, literature search, and document analysis for descriptive and exploratory purposes, as well as through the analysis of statistical data from the databases of the Ministry of Women, Family and Human Rights, it will be analyzed whether violence actually increased or decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, it is clear that violence against women has increased significantly, although data for 2020 are not yet fully accounted for, suggesting that public policies to combat violence against women should be adjusted so that this situation can be reversed as soon as possible. It should also be noted that the 2020 data refer only to the first six months of 2020 and, despite this, manages to exceed some data for all of 2019. Therefore, it is essential that there is swift action by government agencies so that this escalation of violence decreases exponentially in order to preserve the right and life of many Brazilian women.Alternate :El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar si hubo un aumento o disminución de la violencia contra las mujeres durante la pandemia de Sars-Cov-2, conocida mundialmente como Covid-19. El objetivo es analizar los datos estadísticos puestos a disposición por el Gobierno Federal de Brasil para verificar la situación de la violencia contra las mujeres en el país. Así, a través de la investigación cualitativa, la búsqueda bibliográfica y el análisis documental con fines descriptivos y exploratorios, así como del análisis de los datos estadísticos de las bases de datos del Ministerio de la Mujer, la Familia y los Derechos Humanos, se analizará si la violencia realmente aumentó o disminuyó durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Sin embargo, es evidente que la violencia contra las mujeres ha aumentado significativamente, aunque los datos para el año 2020 aún no se contabilizan en su totalidad, lo que sugiere que las políticas públicas para combatir la violencia contra las mujeres deben ajustarse para que esta situación pueda revertirse lo antes posible. También hay que tener en cuenta que los datos de 2020 se refieren sólo a los primeros seis meses de 2020 y, a pesar de ello, consigue superar algunos datos de todo 2019. Por lo tanto, es esencial que haya una rápida acción por parte de los organismos gubernamentales para que esta escalada de violencia disminuya exponencialmente con el fin de preservar el derecho y la vida de muchas mujeres brasileñas.Alternate :O objetivo deste documento é analisar se houve aumento ou diminuição da violência contra as mulheres durante a pandemia de Sars-Cov-2, conhecida mundialmente como Covid-19. O objetivo é analisar os dados estatísticos disponibilizados pelo Governo Federal do Brasil para verificar a situação da violência contra a mulher no país. Assim, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental para fins descritivos e exploratórios, bem como através da análise de dados estatísticos das bases de dados do Ministério da Mulher, Família e Direitos Humanos, será analisada se a violência realmente aumentou ou diminuiu durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Entretanto, é claro que a violência contra as mulheres aumentou significativamente, embora os dados para 2020 ainda não estejam totalmente contabilizados, sugerindo que as políticas públicas de combate à violência contra as mulheres precisam ser ajustadas para que esta situação possa ser revertida o mais rápido possível. Deve-se notar também que os dados de 2020 referem-se apenas aos primeiros seis meses de 2020 e, apesar disso, conseguem superar alguns dados para todo o ano de 2019. Portanto, é essencial que haja uma ação rápida dos órgãos governamen ais para que esta escalada de violência diminua exponencialmente a fim de preservar o direito e a vida de muitas mulheres brasileiras.

Framing Feminicides—A Quantitative Content Analysis of News Stories in Four Colombian Newspapers

Colombia is marked by high levels of gender-based violence. In 2020, 630 women were murdered because of their gender. The number of these feminicides increased under the coronavirus lockdown that began in March 2020. Although the news media play a crucial role in shaping the public’s notion of feminicides, empirical studies on the media’s portrayal of feminicides in Colombia are scarce. The present study involved a quantitative content analysis of articles published in four Colombian newspapers to determine how they reported on feminicides from August 2019 to July 2020 (sample size: 139 articles, comprising 1798 paragraphs). The period under investigation allowed for a comparison of news coverage before and during the lockdown. By means of hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified four frames: “gender-based inequalities and discrimination against women”, “perpetrators in front of the court”, “prehistory and course of events of the feminicide”, and “reactions of neighbors, eyewitnesses, and villagers to the feminicide”. Our findings suggest that the four newspapers under investigation paint rather similar pictures of feminicides. We also found that the date an article was published in relation to the COVID-19 quarantine had little influence on the frequency at which the clusters appeared.

Feminicide Violence Before and During the COVID-19 Health Emergency

This work explores the extreme violence against women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru, considering different restriction periods. This is relevant in view of increased violence against women. The objective of this work was to identify the feminicide and attempted feminicide during different quarantine periods due to the COVID-19 health emergency in Peru, and to determine the variables related to these. Data of administrative records of the cases of feminicide and attempted feminicide were analyzed. Our results show that cases of attempted feminicide occurred in higher proportions during the prequarantine period compared to the other periods. In the case of feminicide, its highest percentage occurred during quarantine with a relationship relatively intense when the victim has suffered physical and psychological violence. Also, we find that attempted feminicide was 4.3 times more likely to happen to urban resident victims, 7.9 times more likely when women suffered physical violence, and 7.4 times when they were victims of psychological violence. During quarantine, attempted feminicide was more likely when a victim lives in an urban area (3.5 times), when the victim suffered physical and psychological violence (21.7 and 5.2 times, respectively), and 3.1 times more likely when the attempted feminicide occurred inside the household. The cases of attempted feminicide that occurred during restrictive measures are 5.0 times more likely when a victim belongs to urban areas, 23.4 times more likely when the woman suffered physical violence, and 4.3 times more likely when she was a victim of psychological violence.

Twenty years of femicide in Milan: A retrospective medicolegal analysis.

Femicide constitutes a leading cause of premature deaths for women, yet it has been the subject of limited research until recently. Enhanced data collection and analysis on killings of women and girls are necessary to understand and address this unrelenting phenomenon. This study examines all cases of female homicide encountered at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) spanning from 1999 to 2019; data from 2020/2021 were shown separately given the bias that the forced cohabitation and stay at home during the lockdowns of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic may represent regarding violence against women and femicide. In this study, specific factors were considered, including the age and nationality of the victims, the place of recovery of the bodies, the victim's relationship to the perpetrator and the injuries they suffered. As a result, 200 female killings were found among the over 15,000 autopsies and 535 homicides investigated at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Milan from 1999 to 2019, representing an average of 9.5 femicides yearly. The majority of victims were Italian (74%) and half were aged between 18 and 49 years old. The killings were overwhelmingly committed in the domestic setting (78.5%) by male perpetrators (at least 85%), related to the victims as intimate or ex-intimate partners and members of the family (73.5%). The homicides were mainly perpetrated with sharp (32%) or blunt instruments (21.5%), shooting (18.5%) and asphyxiation (16.5%). This study is part of a growing effort to enhance data collection and analysis on femicide. Studying and monitoring the rates of femicide (or "femicide watch") will permit to better understand, reduce, and finally end femicide globally.